Dental checkups and cleanings begin with a review of any symptoms the patient may be experiencing, followed by a brief visual exam of the teeth and gums. Then, the dentist performs a thorough, tooth-by-tooth cleaning using special instruments and mild abrasives designed to remove sticky plaque and hard tartar that harbor bacteria. During the cleaning, the dentist will look for areas where brushing and flossing need to be improved, providing the patient with tips so they can keep their teeth and gums healthier between appointments.